Q: How was the United States shaped by the war?Ī: The response to the war in the United States was resentment about what many people feel was a failed peace effort at Versailles. But the casualties list in the Great War was a major reason for appeasement. For example, some European leaders had such a fear of the Soviet Union that they saw Hitler’s Germany as a bulwark against the spread of hated communism. There are other reasons why they did that. So when Hitler began to rearm Europe, instead of responding, the British and French wanted to avoid conflict at all costs. The war brought about such bitterness about the nature of war because it went on for so long and had enormous casualties-for example, the French had 1.39 million military deaths in a nation of 40 million and the British had almost 800,000 dead.
“The lamps are going out all over Europe, we shall not see them lit again in our life-time,” British Lord Grey said. It shattered the secure, ordered life of Edwardian England, and people said after the war that the same sense of stability would never be there again. He was dedicated to the proposition that he would wipe away the “stain of Versailles,” which was the peace conference after the war. It resulted in, inevitably, World War II and another revolution in Germany, which brought Hitler to power. It led to the Russian Revolution, the collapse of the German Empire and the collapse of the Hapsburg Monarchy, and it led to the restructuring of the political order in Europe and in other parts of the world, particularly in the Middle East. Your browser does not support the audio element.Meredith Professor and Professor Emeritus David H. Listen to a recorded reading of this page:.Take a ten question quiz about this page. Four European Empires disappeared after World War I including the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian Empires.The reparations that Germany owed from the Treaty of Versailles were renegotiated several times and were not finally paid off until well after World War II.President Woodrow Wilson in his Fourteen Points. The United States also did not join the League of Nations which was first introduced by U.S.The United States did not sign the Treaty of Versailles, but established its own treaty with Germany.Interesting Facts about the End of World War I The League was officially founded by the Treaty of Versailles and had 42 founding member countries. The League also aimed to establish fair labor conditions, improve global health, control the global arms trade, and protect minorities in Europe. Its member countries hoped to prevent wars by helping to settle disputes between countries. The League of Nations was formed in an effort to establish world peace. Germany also had to give up the provinces of Alsace-Lorraine to France.Īs part of the Paris Peace Conference, an organization called the League of Nations was formed. Russia became the Soviet Union and the Ottoman Empire later became the country of Turkey. Several new independent countries were formed including Poland, Finland, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. The map of Europe changed significantly after World War I. Germany was forced to disarm, give up land to France, and to pay reparations of 132 billion Marks (around $442 billion in 2014 money).
It forced Germany to "accept the responsibility for causing all the loss and damage" of the war. The treaty was extremely harsh on Germany. The Treaty of Versailles was signed between the Allied Powers and Germany on June 28, 1919. However, French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau felt that Germany was responsible for the war and should take the blame and be forced to pay large reparations. He thought that Germany should not be blamed for the war or punished too harshly. President Woodrow Wilson felt that the best solution was to incorporate his Fourteen Points. Each of the four nations had different opinions on how Germany should be treated.
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